Government agencies, international and national organizations, and various researchers have published freely available datasets online. You can use these datasets to conduct research and create data visualizations.
A primary goal of Data.gov is to improve access to Federal data and expand creative use of those data beyond the walls of government by encouraging innovative ideas (e.g., web applications).
The US Census bureau opens its data to the public, provides quick facts about the United States population, and even provides data visualizations of its own.