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Chinese/English Library Guide / 双语图书馆指南

Bilingual research guide about how to search the library, cite sources, and avoid plagiarism with Chinese translations.

什么是剽窃? / What is Plagiarism?

剽窃是指使用别人的言语或想法而没有给予任何承认。

以下所有行为均被视为剽窃：

  • 把他人的作品当做自己的作品。
  • 在不给予承认的情况下，复制他人的词语或想法。
  • 未能将引用放在引号中 。
  • 提供有关引用来源的错误信息。
  • 更改单词，但不给予承认而复制句子结构。
  • 从资源中复制大量单词或想法，占您作品的大部分，无论您是否给予承认。

大多数剽窃案件可以通过引用信息来源来避免。只需确认您借用了哪些材料，并向您的受众提供找到该资源所需必要的信息。

"What is Plagiarism?" (n.d.) Retrieved Dec. 16, 2010, from <http://www.plagiarism.org/learning_center/what_is_plagiarism.html>

Plagiarism is when you use someone else's words or ideas without giving them credit. 

"All of the following are considered plagiarism:  

  • Turning in someone else's work as your own. 
  • Copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit. 
  • Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks  
  • Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation. 
  • Changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit.  
  • Copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not.   

Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided by citing sources. Simply acknowledge which material you borrowed and provide your audience with the information necessary to find that source."  

"What is Plagiarism?" (n.d.) Retrieved Dec. 16, 2010, from <http://www.plagiarism.org/learning_center/what_is_plagiarism.html> 

引文标注 / Citation

这里有许多不同的方法去引用资源，但几乎都需要相同的基本信息：

  • 标题
  • 作者或作者们
  • 容器
  • 出版日期
  • 数字对象标识符/链接
  • 页数
  • 数据库

例如：http://ezproxy.fhsu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=124425294&site=ehost-live

Example article with information for citation circled

题目： Educational leadership on the Chinese mainland: A case study of two secondary schools in Beijing

作者: Manhong Lai, Lijia Wang, and Wei Shen.

容器: “容器”指您所引用的项目所在的较大整体。例如，如果你想从一本诗词集中引用一首诗，那么这本书就是一个容器。如果你引用一个网页，网站就是源码。如果你引用一篇文章，杂志，报纸或刊物就发表在其中。我们的示例文章发表在London Review of Education 中，这是一本同行评议的杂志。

出版日期：这是指项目最初发布的时间。在这种情况下，我们可以看到它是2017年7月出版的。使用为此提供的任何信息；如果来源仅在出版日期中说“2015”，请用它。如果来源说“2016冬季”，则将其用作您的出版日期。如果没有列出出版日期，请写下n.d.,意思是没有日期。

数字对象标识符/链接: 对于电子文档，我们使用DOI或URL再次找到文档。DOI是数字对象标识符。如果这里没有DOI，请用URL。如果可以，请使用一个永久链接或持久链接。

所以，对于我们的示例文章，我们的DOI是10.18546/LRE.15.2.13，我们的URL是http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=124425294&site=ehost-live.

你只需要使用其中一个引用即可！如果DOI可用，请先使用。

页码：很多来源都有印刷版和数字版。这里指打印版本的页码。

数据库：并不是所有的引文样式都需要这些信息，并不是所有的来源都来自数据库。数据库是您用来查找资源的工具。

请记住，并非所有来源都包含所有部分。您可能会发现没有作者的来源，也没有发布日期。那没问题！在这些情况下，请留下空白，或查看您的引文样式指南以获取进一步说明。

 

There are many different ways to cite a source, but almost all require the same basic information:

  • Title
  • Author or authors
  • Container
  • Publication Date
  • DOI/URL
  • Page Numbers
  • Database

Example: http://ezproxy.fhsu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=124425294&site=ehost-live

Example article with all the citation information identified

Title: Educational leadership on the Chinese mainland: A case study of two secondary schools in Beijing

Authors: Manhong Lai, Lijia Wang, and Wei Shen.

Container: The “Container”  refers to the larger whole in which the item you are citing is located. For example, if you want to cite a poem that is listed in a book of poems, the book is the container. If you are citing a webpage, the website is the source. If you are citing an article, the magazine, newspaper, or journal it was published in is the source. Our example article was published in the London Review of Education, a peer-reviewed journal.

Publication Date: This refers to when the item was originally published. In this case, we can see that it was July, 2017. Use whatever information is provided for this; if the source only says “2015” for the publication date, use that. If the source says “Winter 2016,” use that as your publication date. If no publication date is listed, write down n.d., meaning no date.

DOI/URL: For electronic documents, we use either the DOI or URL to find the document again. A DOI is a Digital Object Identifier. If there is no DOI, use the URL. If you can, try to find a permalink or persistent link.So, for our example article, our DOI is 10.18546/LRE.15.2.13, and our URL is http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=124425294&site=ehost-live.

You only need to use one or the other! If the DOI is available, use that first.

Page Numbers: Many sources are available in print and digital editions. This refers to page numbers from the print version. 

Database: Not all citation styles require this information, and not all sources come from databases. Databases are the library tools you used to find your source. 

Remember, not all sources will have all of these parts. You may find a source with no author, or no publication date. That is ok! In those cases, leave that blank, or check your citation style guide for further instructions

现代语言学会（MLA）在人文学科，特别是文学和语言学科中创造了一套简化的写作规则。

The Modern Language Association (MLA) has created a simplified set of rules for writing within the discipline of humanities, especially literature and languages.

  • Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) MLA citation guide: 该资源提供了MLA研究论文，文本引用，尾注/脚注和作品引用页的一般格式的示例。// This resource offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.
  • MLA Works Cited: A Quick Guide: Provides quick examples of different types of resources and how to format them in a Bibliography.

APA是由美国心理学会创建的一种写作格式。APA最常用于社会科学和科学。

APA is a style of writing & formatting that was created by the American Psychological Association. APA is most commonly used in the social sciences & sciences.

如何改写 / How to paraphrase

正确的改写有五个步骤

  1. 阅读文本
  2. 做笔记
  3. 思考您读了什么
  4. 用您自己的话写
  5. 引用您的信息来源

为了使您更好地理解，请观看此双语教程。

 

There are five steps to paraphrasing correctly.  

  1. Read the text 
  2. Take notes 
  3. Think about what you read 
  4. Write it in your own words 
  5. Cite your sources 

For a better understanding of paraphrasing, watch this bilingual tutorial.  

写作模板 / Writing Templates

直接引用的使用很少。使用引号可以保留生动或技术性的语言、对特定段落进行评论、使自己的观点与信息资源保持距离、或避免显着改变含义。

  1. [作者] 声明，“[这里插入引用] (引文标注)。” 换句话说， [作者]认为 [插入解释].
  2. 根据 [作者]， “[这里插入引用] (引文标注)。” [作者] 支持观点 [插入所支持的争论引用]。
  3. 在他们的文章/书， [标题]，[作者] 主张 “[这里插入引用] (引文标注)。” 在发表此评论时，X呼吁读者 [插入解释]。

Quote infrequently. Use quoting to preserve vivid or technical language, comment on specific passages, distance yourself from the information, or to avoid significantly alter the meaning. 

  1. [Author] states, “[insert quote here] (citation).” In other words, [author] argues [insert explanation]. 
  2. According to [author], “[insert quote here] (citation).” [Author] is supporting the argument that [insert argument quote is supporting].  
  3. In their article/book, [title], [author] maintains that “[insert quote here] (citation).” In making this comment, X urges readers to [insert explanation]. 

复述的使用非常频繁。用复述来阐述他人的发现、覆盖一小段内容中的每个要点、描述证据或纳入信息。 

  1. 根据研究人员， [插入复述] (引文标注)。
  2. [作者] 最近强调 [插入复述] (引文标注)。
  3. 尽管[作者] 认为 [插入复述] (引文标注)， 其他的研究人员认为 [ 插入复述] (引文标注)

Paraphrase very frequently. Use paraphrases to engage the findings of others, cover every point in a small passage, describe the evidence, or to incorporate information.   

  1. According to researchers, [insert paraphrase] (citation). 
  2. [Author] recently suggested that [insert paraphrase] (citation). 
  3. Although [author] argues [insert paraphrase] (citation), other researchers argue [insert paraphrase] (citation). 

总结的使用是频繁的。使用总结来描述书、文章或段落的主要思想，包括作者的主要论点，或描述理论。

  1. 目的 [资源的标题], 是表明 [插入总结] (引文标注).
  2.  [作者]的主题是[插入总结] (引文标注).
  3. 许多研究人员发现 [插入总结] (引文标注).
  4. 综上所述[作者] 认为 [插入总结] (引文标注).

Summarize frequently. Use a summary to describe the main idea of a book, article, or passage, include an author's central argument, or to describe a theory. 

  1. The purpose of [Title of Resource], is to argue [insert summary] (citation). 
  2.  [Author]’s thesis is [insert summary] (citation). 
  3. Numerous researchers have found [insert summary] (citation). 
  4. In summary, [author] argues [insert summary] (citation). 

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