In this course, the preferred writing format is the American Sociological Association (ASA) style. Below are some quick tips to how to properly format your paper to this style of academic writing.
This video discusses annotated bibliographies, including:
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Elements of Reference List Entries
Template:
Author. Date. “Article Title.” Journal Title Volume Number(Issue Number), Page Numbers. DOI
Author Last Name, Author First Name. Publication Year. “Title in Quotes in Title Case.” Journal Title Italicized Volume Number(Issue Number in parentheses), Page Range. DOI, permalink, or URL
Example:
Vrchota, Denise. 2011. “Communication in the Disciplines: Interpersonal Communication in Dietetics.” Communication Education, 60(2), 210–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2010.523475
Published Dissertation or Theses
Author Last Name, Author First Name. Publication Year. “Title of Dissertation in Quotes and in Title Case.” PhD dissertation, Department of Study, University of. Retrieved from Database, record number
Example:
King, Andrew J. 1976. “Law and Land Use in Chicago: A Pre-history of Modern Zoning.” PhD dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Author Last Name, Author First Name. Publication Year. Book Title in Title Caps and Italicized. Publishing City: Publisher.
Example:
Atwood, Margaret. 2006. The Handmaid’s Tale. New York, NY: Random House.
Author Last Name, Author First Name or Corporate Author. Year Published. “Title”. Title of Webpage Italicized. Retrieved Date You Visited Webpage. (website URL)
Example:
Silver, Freddie. (2018). “Why is it important for teachers to have good communication skills?” Work-Chron.com. Retrieved August 22, 2022 (http://work.chron.com/important-teachers-good-communication-skills-10512.html)
Personal communication such as emails, telephone conversations, and interviews should be cited in a footnote or endnote and an in-text citation.
In-text: During the interview, Sherman discussed her experiences managing festivals.
Footnote: 1 Suzy Sherman, interview with author, February 12, 2013.
Author Last Name, Author First Name or Corporate Author. Year Published. “Title”. City of Publication: Publisher. Medium.
Examples:
American Sociological Association. 2004. Max Weber Visits America, 1904. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association. DVD.
Papademas, Dianne, ed. 2002. Visual Sociology: Teaching with Film/Video, Photography, and Visual Media. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association. VHS.
Author Last Name, Author First Name or Corporate Author. Year Published. “Title”. Publisher if noted. Date of upload if noted. Access Date. Medium. Website URLCity of Publication: Publisher. Medium.
University of Luxembourg. 2019. "Inequality and Women in Politics." Produced by European Investment Bank, December 1. Video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2wXSA4SwJU.
Use the Author-Date Citation System to cite your references in the text of your paper
Template:
(Last Name Year)
Example: (Vrchota 2011)
Narrative Citations: If you refer to the author in your written text, use only the year in parentheses after the author's name.
Example: Vrchota (2011) interviewed seven registered dietitians.
Specific Quotes: Direct quoting is rare in ASA, and should be used sparingly.
When you do directly quote a resource, include information about the specific part of your citation, such as page, paragraph, or chapter.
Example: "Relationships are built through the negotiated progression of increased and reciprocated disclosures by the participants" (Vrchota 2011:221).
Examples:
In-Text Summary:
(Authors Last Name Year).
Many programs do not have curriculum dedicated to classroom management and, if it does, it is restricted within one course at best (Hammerness 2011).
In-Text Narrative Summary:
This is evidenced by Dunn and Rakes (2011) who appraised the collective impact of teacher efficacy and concerns on learner-centered practices (LCP) which they link to classroom management.
In-Text Summary with more than one source:
Instead, a-contextual understanding persists and is particularly problematic given the introduction and importance of CRCM, which is used to address the diverse needs of students (Whitaker and Valtierra 2018; Yang and Montgomery 2013).
In-Text Summary combining narrative and ideas with more than one source:
Chambers and Hardy (2005) found that classroom management beliefs tend to stay consistent over time based on a pretest-posttest questionnaire of secondary teacher-education students, whereas others have identified preservice teachers shifting towards a more relational understanding (Jones and Vesilind 1995; Kwok 2020).
In-Text Direct Quote:
(Last Name Year: p. number)
"Relationships are built through the negotiated progression of increased and reciprocated disclosures by the participants" (Vrchota 2011: 221).
In-Text Narrative Direct Quote:
Kaufman and Moss (2010:127) found that teachers defined classroom management as “maintaining discipline and controlling behavior”.
In-Text with more than one author but less than 4 authors:
List all authors for first citation.
For any additional citation from the source use the first author plus "et al."
By studying the dynamics of poverty, policymakers will better be able to decide how to distribute resources to those in need (Lu, Shelley, and Liu 2021).
In-Text with 4 or more authors
Use the first author plus "et al."
Teacher candidates (TCs), also called preservice teachers, often are the least prepared in classroom management compared with any other pedagogical skill (Albrecht et al. 2009).